An
operating
system
(OS)
is software that manages computer hardware and software resources and
provides common services for computer programs. The operating system
is an essential component of the system software in a computer
system. Application programs usually require an operating system to
function.
Time-sharing
operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and
may also include accounting software for cost al of processor time,
mass storage, printing, and other resources.
For
hardware functions such as input and output and memory al, the
operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and the
computer hardware, although the application code is usually executed
directly by the hardware and will frequently make a system call to an
OS function or be interrupted by it. Operating systems can be found
on almost any device that contains a computer—from cellular phones
and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers.
Examples
of popular modern operating systems include Android, BSD, iOS, Linux,
OS X, QNX, Microsoft Windows, Windows Phone, and IBM z/OS. All these,
except Windows, Windows Phone and z/OS, share roots in UNIX.
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