OS
X
previously Mac
OS X,
is a series of Unix-based graphical interface operating systems
developed and marketed by Apple Inc. It is designed to run on Mac
computers, having been pre-installed on all Macs since 2002. It was
the successor to Mac OS 9, released in 1999, the final release of the
"classic" Mac OS, which had been Apple's primary operating
system since 1984. The first version released was Mac OS X Server 1.0
in 1999, and a desktop version, Mac OS X v10.0 "Cheetah"
followed on March 24, 2001. Previous releases of OS X were named
after big cats; for example, OS X v10.8 was referred to as "Mountain
Lion". However, with the announcement of OS X Mavericks in June
2013, this was dropped in favor of Californian landmarks.
OS X, whose
X
is the Roman numeral for 10
and is a prominent part of its brand identity, is built on
technologies developed at NeXT between the second half of the 1980s
and Apple's purchase of the company in late 1996. The 'X' is also
used to emphasize the relatedness between OS X and UNIX. Versions
10.5 "Leopard" running on Intel processors, 10.6 "Snow
Leopard", 10.7 "Lion", 10.8 "Mountain Lion",
and 10.9 "Mavericks" have obtained UNIX 03 certification.
iOS, which runs on the iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, and the 2nd and 3rd
generation Apple TV, shares the Darwin core and many frameworks with
OS X. An unnamed variant of v10.4 powered the first generation Apple
TV.
Mac
OS X 10.7 "Lion" was the first version of OS X to drop
support for 32-bit Intel processors and run exclusively on 64-bit
Intel CPUs.
The
server edition, OS X Server, was architecturally identical to its
desktop counterpart, and included tools to facilitate management of
workgroups of OS X machines, and to provide network services.
Starting with v10.7 "Lion", OS X Server is no longer
offered as a separate operating system product; instead, the server
management tools are available for purchase separately, and are
preinstalled on the server models of Mac Pro and Mac Mini along with
OS X.
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