Berkeley
Software Distribution
(BSD,
sometimes called Berkeley
Unix)
was a Unix operating system derivative developed and distributed by
the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) of the University of
California, Berkeley, from 1977 to 1995. Today the term "BSD"
is often used non-specifically to refer to any of the BSD descendants
which together form a branch of the family of Unix-like operating
systems. Operating systems derived from the original BSD code remain
actively developed and widely used.
Historically,
BSD has been considered a branch of UNIX—"BSD UNIX",
because it shared the initial codebase and design with the original
AT&T UNIX operating system. In the 1980s, BSD was widely adopted
by vendors of workstation-class systems in the form of proprietary
UNIX variants such as DEC ULTRIX and Sun Microsystems SunOS. This can
be attributed to the ease with which it could be licensed, and the
familiarity the founders of many technology companies of the time had
with it.
Although
these proprietary BSD derivatives were largely superseded by the UNIX
System V Release 4 and OSF/1 systems in the 1990s (both of which
incorporated BSD code and are the basis of other modern Unix
systems), later BSD releases provided a basis for several open source
development projects, e.g. FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Darwin or
DragonFly BSD, that are ongoing. These, in turn, have been
incorporated in whole or in part in modern proprietary operating
systems, e.g. the TCP/IP (IPv4 only) networking code in Microsoft
Windows and most of the foundation of Apple's OS X and iOS.
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