Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data storage. A random-access memory device allows data
items to be read and written in approximately the same amount of time,
regardless of the order in which data items are accessed. In contrast, with other direct-access data storage media such as hard disks, CD-RWs, DVD-RWs and the older drum memory,
the time required to read and write data items varies significantly
depending on their physical locations on the recording medium, due to
mechanical limitations such as media rotation speeds and arm movement
delays.
Today, random-access memory takes the form of integrated circuits. RAM is normally associated with volatile types of memory (such as DRAM memory modules), where stored information is lost if power is removed, although many efforts have been made to develop non-volatile RAM chips.
Other types of non-volatile memory exist that allow random access for
read operations, but either do not allow write operations or have
limitations on them. These include most types of ROM and a type of flash memory called NOR-Flash.
Integrated-circuit RAM chips came into the market in the late 1960s, with the first commercially available DRAM chip, the Intel 1103, introduced in October 1970.
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