A
power
supply unit
(PSU)
converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal
components of a computer. Modern personal computers universally use a
switched-mode power supply. Some power supplies have a manual
selector for input voltage, while others automatically adapt to the
supply voltage.
Most
modern desktop personal computer power supplies conform to the ATX
specification, which includes form factor and voltage tolerances.
While an ATX power supply is connected to the mains supply, it always
provides a 5 V standby (5VSB) voltage so that the standby functions
on the computer and certain peripherals are powered. ATX power
supplies are turned on and off by a signal from the motherboard. They
also provide a signal to the motherboard to indicate when the DC
voltages are in spec, so that the computer is able to safely power up
and boot. The most recent ATX PSU standard is version 2.31 of
mid-2008.
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